Here are some basic types of lighting that are simple to explain as well as simple to reproduce and effect on location. There are several well known setups that you can employ to bring out the best in your models.
First of all, particularly if you are dealing with an inexperienced model, or simply want to provide an opportunity for the model to relax and open up, use a soft and evenly distributed light source that is diffused. Removing outside additional baffles may add some depth to a flat image.
Then, by keeping a moderate distance form the model, he or she is able to move around freely without having to reposition the lights. This is a great way to capture the model in natural poses and allow him or her to really warm up and find a good flow.
For whole body shots, a simple broad lighting approach should be used. This involves using a focused directional light in the face or other area of primary focus, and a background light. These factors are balanced to optimize and best cope with details such as the main shadow of the body and the body and facial glares of the main light.
Side lighting is great for more than profile shots. Sidelighting tends to accentuate blemishes and other skin irregularities, but can produce some awesome shaping effects. The main thing to remember when it comes to sidelighting is to use it to your advantage. Sidelighting can have some interesting effects, so be prepared to accept strange effects for the more desirable effects that are produced, such as odd shadows.
Hollywood or 'Butterfly' lighting is used for most glamour style portraits because of the way that the lighting contours the center of the mouth and overall face. To accomplish Hollywood lighting, place the main light to the center and slightly above the model's face.
The idea behind basic Hollywood or butterfly lighting is to have the light high enough to produce the butterfly light effect just under the mouth and nose, but not so high that unattractive shadows appear beneath the eyes.
Some basic equipment to have along at a photo shoot:
Some type of backlight, as well as a pole for supporting background system lights. A fill light with a reflector, a hairlight with a snoot. You should also have at least one main light. All lights should have an adjustable flash. It is also a good idea to have extra portable storage devices on hand in case you need additional storage room, or if you suddenly have need or additional copies.
Reflectors and shades of various types and sizes are also requisite items for photo shoots. Sometimes the only way that natural light can be collected in time is through the application of light reflectors. Reflectors allow photographers to get the most out of ambient light, as well as better control additional light sources.
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